Interview: Jesse Saunders

While the exact origins of house music have long been a point of great debate, even within Chicago itself, all agree that Jesse Saunders played a big role in sound development.

In the early 1980s, Saunders was resident DJ at the Playground, one of Chicago's biggest clubs. He has earned his stripes as part of Wayne Williams' Chosen Few Disco Corp. DJ collective in the late 1970s, before striking out on his own. Alongside his friend Ron Hardy and future "Godfather of House" Frankie Knuckles, Saunders was instrumental in producing records that kick-started the development of house.

His first forays into the studio were Vince Lawrence as Z-Factor. After releasing a number of Italo disco and new wave influenced singles on Mitchell Records, Saunders got used to its own way, famously creating "On & On" in 1984. It quickly sold in Chicago, sparking the house music tree that followed.

In this previously unpublished interview from 2013, DJ History's Bill Brewster quizzes Saunders about his origins as a disco DJ, the birth of house and how he made his earliest records.

- When did you first start going to clubs?

Honestly, I do not think I ever really started going out. I was always DJing at something. I started DJing at 15. The reason why I was out was because I was playing.

- Was it your stepbrother, Wayne Williams, who got you into DJing?

Yeah, he was the one. Prior to that I was just making my own little tapes to play on my boom box. I started doing little pause button remixes or songs. He heard them and decided he'd approach me. That's why he recruited me.

In those days there were not many straight people going to clubs at all. Wayne started the Chosen Few Disco Corp. years before I got involved. All I know about it is that Batman, Jamie Shelton and others were throwing parties, DJing at parties or both. I'm not quite sure, prior to that. When I got involved, which was in about '77 or '78, we started DJing at parties and they were not involved. It was just Wayne and I.

We were playing more popular stuff like funk, James Brown, Parliament, Heatwave's "Boogie Nights" and "The Grooveline." In the beginning we were not playing disco at all. Maybe Donna Summer - it was generally more commercial stuff. The disco part of it did not come until probably '78. Officially it was just like The Doctors, which was this dance group organization at Mendel Catholic High School. I think the first party I was called a party at a place, I think, the Burning Spear. We were very well and we were getting calls from people in high schools for sock hops, but it was still more commercially minded. We did not start playing the disco until we got more popular.

- Did you know about Frankie Knuckles and the Warehouse then?

I knew nothing about that. It was a completely different world. I did not know anything about the gay scene at all. I was only 16 years old. It was not on my radar at all. Wayne used to go to Ron Hardy at Den One. It's one thing I like and try to clear up with every I do. Everyone thinks this thing started with Frankie but it did not. It started with Ron. He was the person who started playing that style or music long before Frankie got to Chicago. Ron moved to Los Angeles at one point. He was there for a while. That's where I with him in 1982.

- What was Ron Hardy doing in Los Angeles?

I'm not exactly sure. I went to school at the University of California and the music out there was horrible. We were playing really cool underground, deep stuff and everything out there was really discouraging. When I came back - which was March or April or '82 - sometime when Ronnie came back. Then he was at the Music Box. The Warehouse had shut down, Frankie had opened the Power Plant and Robert Williams opened the Music Box. I was resident at the Playground. I started at the Playground in about May or June or '82.

- Were you a regular at the Warehouse before it closed?

When I was still at school what we'd do is go to the Warehouse. When we started going there, it had become a trend. People would go until 2 AM and then we'd go to the Warehouse. That's how that thing grew at the Warehouse. So by the time '82 rolled around it was like a ritual. You'd go to the Power Plant or the Music Box.

I've never been a big club person. Generally if I'm not playing I do not go and hang out and see other people. A lot of that is due to the fact that it pisses me off that they go to places I do not think they should be going. There are very few DJs who know how to move a crowd through the night. Ronnie I could listen to all day. He could not imagine. You need to be an artist. Do not just play records.

- What was so good about Ron Hardy's DJing at that point in time?

Ronnie was very experimental. He'd innovate and do things. He touched my spirit. He felt the same way about my DJing. That's really the spirit of what Chicago DJs are about - our skill level is in a different place. Which is why you can tell a Chicago DJ from pretty much anybody else. Like a live remix, we battle that way and push each other. That was the difference between Ronnie and Frankie.

Frankie played music, Ronnie created the music while he was playing. I love Frankie to death. We're all part of the movement. This is what we used to say: Frankie was a great music selector, but he was not a good mixer. He'd train wreck all day long. On the other hand Ronnie was smooth and innovative and creative. That's why you've got diehard Ronnie fans and diehard Frankie fans and they generally do not mix.

- How did you start working with Vince Lawrence?

Vince came to me. He used to come to the Playground. His father owned Mitchbal Records. As his graduation present, his father allowed him to go into the studio and make a record. And this record is known as, "(I Like To Do It In) Fast Cars."

What he quote unquote "said" was that he was trying to make music like I played at the Playground. Back in those days, not having a drum machine, the drummer was playing too fast and it did not go well together. Vince was always a new wave type or guy than a soulful one. Anyway, I brought this record to the Playground and I did play some new wave records in my set.

We played electronic stuff like Italo disco, from Kraftwerk to Alexander Robotnick. I was playing the Go-Go's, B-52's, Men Without Hats. At that time I did not know anybody else who had made a record, so that I would play it every now and then. Somehow Vince got a job working at the club and when I got this drum machine and started incorporating these tracks, which later became "On & On", into my sets, I wanted to make a record. But I also wanted to write a song first.

I wrote this song, which was "Fantasy," and I came to him and said, "I did that summer of '83. I did a few shows with them, but I never felt like the band was tight enough so I shied away. But the song I wrote, his father loved it. I wanted to release it on my own, but they wanted it as Z-Factor featuring Jesse Saunders. To this day, one of my bones of contention is that Mitchbal [Nemiah Mitchell Jr.] puts his name all over it as a producer and he did not produce it. I produced it. I have not paid royalties or sales royalties at all.

- What was your working relationship with Vince Lawrence like?

Vince is cool! Vince is easy to work with. I'd say, "Vince, let's do this." And I'd write some music and then he'd write the lyrics. That's rather how it started. With "On & On," I wanted to put something on it, so I said, "Let's write some words." Then we did "Funk You Up." That was born out of Duane Buford splitting up with his girlfriend. He said, "Man, I'm never going out with another pretty ¬ [girl] - they fuck you up!" So we said, "Hey man, that could be a song, let's write one." We changed it to " funk "from" fuck. "My brother Wayne wanted to write a track, so he wrote the Vius for the chorus. So it was this writing / production thing where I write the music and he'd do the lyrics.

- Let's talk about "On & On." You used to play the Mach version, right?

Yes. I wish I could trace the origins of that record. Nobody knows where that came from. That used to be my signature record. What everyone bought it for was a megamix on the A-side. One day when I was sitting at home I thought I'd check out the B-side, "On And On." Once I'd played it, I thought that the Player "Space Invaders" bass line was one of the best things I 'ever heard. I never heard the original at that time. It was the first record I would drop when I played. Most people did not know what it was, because I did not tell anybody. So I decided to make my own version of it, with a twist. I did it on a TR-808, TB-303 and a Korg Poly 61.

- Can you remember where you recorded it?

Well, we mastered it at Omni's studio.

- Is that Omni or "Out of My Hands (Love's Tasks Over)" fame?

Yeah, exactly.

- How did "On & On" end up coming out?

What happened was, "Fantasy" I recorded originally, right. And that came out as a single ... well, it was supposed to. It was supposed to be a single, not an album project. Then we recruited Screamin 'Rachael to do the vocal. This was like July or August and it was supposed to come out in the interim. Well I say interim, but I did not create the "On & On" track until September or October or '83. Again, I used to use these different beats to mix with live, like the ones on the B-side or "On & On" or Z-Factors "I Am The DJ" I created that to mix in and out of Hip Hop , Be Bop (Do not Stop). "So I made these tracks with other popular tracks of the time.

I was in a record pool at Imports, Etc., so I'd go there to pick up records and see what was new. They were always playing in the store and were always asking, "Oh, what's this song called," and so on. People were coming in and asking for stuff I was playing at the Playground.

Remember the Playground had 1,500 people week in, week out. There was never a club that big in Chicago. It was the biggest club in Chicago and it brought all of the sides together. It was centrally located and it was not a 21 and club, so you could be 16 and party. It was revolutionary for its time.

They kept asking me about tracks that I have been playing so that I can play them in the store. They asked me about the tracks and I said, "Oh, those are the tracks I created." So Frank Sells, who was the main buyer there, said, "Man, if you can get your hands on some records if not thousands of it. "So that's how we ended up meeting Larry Sherman. He was the only pressing plant in town.

- Was Larry in touch with what was going on in the clubs in Chicago?

No. He had no idea whatsoever. Going in and pressing "On & On," the only records he was pressing were more or less polka records for little bands here and there. He had not a clue what was going on. I ordered 500 copies from him. Once we had sold and ordered a few days later, that's when interest was piqued. He was like, "Where [are] you selling this stuff? I'd like to get in on the action. I'll be the records and your partner. "

This is how he got his personal license to manufacture and he or she wanted, as he wanted, including Michael Jackson's "Thriller," which he is probably pressed and sold for 50,000 copies. That's how the legend of Larry Sherman came about. He pressed records for Rocky at DJ International and for every record, he pressed for Rocky, he'd press two for himself and undercut Rocky. He did it with everybody.

- What was he like as a person?

As a person, Larry was kind of a jovial, playful, crack-jokes child or a guy back then. Now I'm getting older, I can see that he was very calculating in what he was doing. "These kids do not know anything, so I'll give them a ridiculous contract." That's how Trax was established and that's why there's controversy about ownership of the catalog. Trax was originally my label. We started it together to put out tracks and not songs.

- Did not Vince Lawrence design the Trax logo?

Vince designed everything. He did the Jes Say Records labels, he did Dance Mania, he did Trax - he did all of them. Larry had Precision Records beforehand. That's what we did Fresh "Dum-Dum" and it was the first thing I'd done outside of my own Jes Say Records.

- What's the story with "Love Can not Turn Around"? Were not you involved in making that in some way?

Steve Hurley and Farley were roommates. They did a cover or Isaac Hayes "I Can not Turn Around." We'd play it on cassette because it was not yet pressed, so it had to be that DJ had a copy on cassette. So the story goes, Farley being the entrepreneur thought, "If Steve is not going to put it out, I'll put it out myself." So he called me up and at the time. I can not remember why now.

I'd be running my label for two years. We'll do a lot of releases. We've been selling because of our support from Hot Mix 5 and Farley, but it had dwindled a little because Farley and I had fallen out. He knew I was the only person who could arrange and produce the song. For me it was more or less a favor to him, to get back in his good graces. In the studio I produced the track, set up the backgrounds and everything. We were looking for vocalists and it was around two or three in the morning. We could not find anybody.

The last person we called was Darryl Pandy. The reason we avoided him was that he was a notorious gay guy - none of us wanted to bother with him, because he was always hitting on everyone. He came down and the first thing that Farley said to him was, "We want you to sound like a man on this song," because he used to do all this falsetto stuff. It took us hours to get all that stuff. Anyway, that's how it came about.

Farley said, "This was going to be a Farley song, but if we put both our names on this, it could be the right thing out of the water." I was real hesitant about that initially. I did not have a single out at that point. We put it all out of the world, outselling Prince and Madonna. We allowed Rocky to distribute the track through his Quantum Distributors. I remember him coming down after 30 days and writing a check for $ 20,000 apiece. Back in those days, "On & On," "Real Love" and "Funk You Up," all of them sold thousands of copies. Just in Chicago we could do 50,000, if not more.

- Most people do not know about your involvement with that record. Was your name erased from the credits at some stage?

My name was always on the credits. When Pete Tong licensed it for London Records was when my name came off. And that, to this day, has a bone of contention or mine. It was not like I was looking for credit as an artist for this record, but as a producer. Yeah, I want to get my publisher royalties. Yeah, I want to get my sales royalties. That's what I fought for, for years and finally got. At the time I did not really care - I'd just signed a deal with Geffen and I was producing lots of stuff. Farley did call me and say, "We've just licensed this to London Records - you should call them." And I called over there, kept calling and they never called back. Next thing I know, I'm on tour there [in the UK], it's on Top of the Pops and Darryl Pandy's doing PAs.

- How did the deal with Geffen for the Jesse's Gang project come about?

I was doing "Love Can not Turn Around." Anyway, they had a conference in Chicago called Choice Picks and it was an Academic & Research Technology (A & RT) symposium. Because I was already a pseudo celebrity in Chicago, they asked me to host an event. I got the chance to mix and mingle with the A & R people. At one of the show cases I was backstage and with a woman who was A & R at Geffen. I playfully said, "If somebody was number one in the record pool, would you sign them? If they were number one on the sales charts, would you sign them? If they were put on radio, would you sign them? "And she was like," Hell yeah! "

A month later I signed. Once I knew she was interested, I set Vince on her. Vince was the talker and he sold me to her. He also ended up getting a production deal with Geffen for his Bang Orchestra project. As usual Vince talked too much, talked himself out of a deal and one single for them. He and his vocalist had written some great songs. Vince had been hanging out with Al Jourgensen from Ministry and they were one of the few bands to use a Fairlight CMI. He had worked on this song with him, but it was very different - half Ministry, half house. They loved it at Geffen. He had this one song called "Movie" that never came out. It was his greatest creation ever. It should be as big as "When Doves Cry" or "Holiday."

- Why was Italo disco so big in Chicago?

Me and Farley used to play it so much. The Playground was huge. You got 1,500 kids a night, with lines going around the block. We had such a massive audience that there was a viral effect. This was stuff you could not hear on the radio. That's what Chicago became. It's a super commercial market to an underground one by the time the 80s rolled around.

- Where did you get those Italo disco records?

Imports, Etc. was the only place in town that was importing these records. Later on there were other ones but they were the only ones selling it.

- A lot of Italo disco records were clean songs. Do you think that had a bearing on the early records you made?

They were very influential - much of what influenced me came from there. "On & On" was born out of "Fantasy." If you look at "Funk You Up," that was a song from the very beginning. "Real Love" was a track that I decided to make into a song. One thing that people get wrong about the origins of Chicago [house] is that they think I was making tracks, but I was mainly writing songs. If you look at it, every single one of those tracks that became popular was a song. I'm all about a song. It's why I went to LA. I wanted to be with the best songwriters. I actually worked with Cathy Dennis on her first album. She was 16. Even then I could see she was incredible.